The Good, Bad and Ugly of Fracking - 2010 Words

The Good, Bad and Ugly of Fracking There is a gold rush going on right now. Man is breaking the earth, looking for natural gas. It’s a mad scene, with hucksters on every side of the issue. There is a lot going on underground and that process is called Fracking. The word alone can stir up controversy. The process of extracting natural gas through hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking,† might summon in someone’s imagination an environment and damaged communities. Natural gas hides from sight it is invisible. Perhaps envisioned a prettier picture—one that involves clean-burning fuel, job growth and affordable energy. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) states that fracking â€Å"is the process of injecting large†¦show more content†¦Developing these natural gas resources can help enhance the country’s energy security, strengthen local and state economies, and fuel job growth. Many Americans, oppose any kind of pollution. However, here are reasons to support fracking: 1. It can lead to our nation becoming energy independent 2. It will provide an enormous boost to our state and local economies 3. It has already driven down natural gas prices to the point where utilities are replacing dirty coal-fired power plants with cleaner natural gas-burning plans and increasingly vehicles are burning natural gas instead of dirtier gasoline 4. It will provide many well-paying jobs to geologists, well drillers, office workers, truck drivers, construction workers, and many more. So what is the snag—and how serious is it? Communities where fracking has taken place, notably in Ohio and Pennsylvania, protest the noise and scarring of the landscaping during the initial explorations. Restoration and compensation can better those concerns. The most significant fear is that the wastewater with chemicals from the fracking process, called, flowback, can contaminate the aquifers and drinking water. State re gulators in Alaska, Colorado, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Oklahoma, Pennslvania, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming have stated that there have been no verified or documented cases of groundwaterShow MoreRelatedWhat s The Big `` Fracking `` Deal? Essay1913 Words   |  8 Pages What’s the Big â€Å"Fracking† Deal?: An Analysis of State of Wyoming, et al. v. United States Dept. of the Interior BACKGROUND On June 21, 2016, in State of Wyoming v. United States Dept. of the Interior, the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming ruled on challenges to the â€Å"Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) issuance of regulations applying to hydraulic fracturing on federal and Indian lands.† The District of Wyoming held that the â€Å"Fracking Rule† issued by the BLM wasRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pagesthe environment, the economy, and human life in general. This will be essential in rationalizing the overall effects it has had on the planet Earth, and those therein. This paper will also examine how â€Å"Fracking† works, and it will bring to light the good, the bad, and the ugly. The truth about fracking is that it is quickly becoming a nightmare for both the environment and humans alike, because there aren’t enough state or federal policies to help monitor and reduce the pollution it creates. WeRead MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 Pages....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. CSR Strategy Part Two Continued: Singing about Fruit ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. Three Questions for Designing Return/Value Maximizing CSR StrategyError! Bookmark not defined. A Few Good Wrenches, a Cuppa o’ Joe and 46% Sustainability RIOError! Bookmark not defined. Crisis WalMart: CSR Brand Value and Its Stage Setting First ResponseError! Bookmark not defined. Wal-Mart’s Response Week One .......................................Read MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 Pages....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. CSR Strategy Part Two Continued: Singing about Fruit ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. Three Questions for Designing Return/Value Maximizing CSR StrategyError! Bookmark not defined. A Few Good Wrenches, a Cuppa o’ Joe and 46% Sustainability RIOError! Bookmark not defined. Crisis WalMart: CSR Brand Value and Its Stage Setting First ResponseError! Bookmark not defined. Wal-Mart’s Response Week One .......................................

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Essay examples - 950 Words

We all love ourselves. That seems to be such a true statement that we do not bother to look it as a possible disorder. A person who loves himself is one thing but one who loves his reflection is another. A healthy person will love himself and his accomplishments. That person is all around happy and satisfied with himself. On the other hand one who is in love with his reflection is cause for narcissism. One who depends on the existence of a reflection to produce the emotion of self-love. It also makes it impossible for the person to tell himself what is reality or what is fantasy. The narcissist does possess the desire to love and to be loved. If he cannot love himself, he has love his reflection. Narcissist are five (or more) of the†¦show more content†¦He is the person most insensitive to his true needs. The narcissist will have a pattern of (grandiosity), the need for admiration, and lack empathy, that will be present in early adulthood. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The hospitalization of patients with severe Narcissistic Personality occurs frequently. Hospitalizations should be brief, and the treatment specific to the particular symptom involved. Another group of patients for whom hospitalization is indicated, provided long-term residential treatment, are those who have poor motivation for outpatient treatment, fragile relationships, destructive acting out, and fast paced life-styles. An inpatient program can offer an intensive treatment which includes individual psychotherapy, family involvement, and a specialized environment. The structure is physically and emotionally secure enough to keep a patient with severe ego weakness throughout the course of expressive, conflict-solving psychotherapy. Small patient groups within the wards, along with large community meetings, there feelings are shared and patients comments taken seriously, and work assignments, recreational activities, are assigned to make the hospital less like a quot;holdingquot; environment. . The patients idea of the physician is in contrast to the narcissistic patients contempt, and disregard for the physician, who is keeping a sense of superiority over illness. Only the most senior physician inShow MoreRelatedNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1536 Words   |  7 Pages One disorder that interest me would be the Narcissistic Personality Disorder. I find Narcissism interesting because honestly it wasn t until now that I learned it was an actual disorder, I was misled and thought it was just a flaw or bad trait some people possessed. In actuality narcissism makes somebody rude and obsessive over themselves and is a real disorder that you can get diagnosed with. I am also interested in Maslow s hierarchy of needs theory that consist of 5 different sections of motivationsRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pages Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a complicated disorder which has many implications for how one might act and think of themselves. It is categorized as a personality disorder in which the person thinks highly of themselves, that they are a superior being. They are often envious or jealous of others, lack empathy, and carry with themselves a sense of entitlement (Maniacci, 2007). Someone with Narcissistic Personality Disorder may expect special treatment from others. For example, they may haveRead MoreWhat Narcissistic Personality Disorder800 Words   |  3 PagesA narcissistic personality disorder is basically a person who feels that they have self-importance. The person thinks that they should have control and power above anything. The person is unable to mentally realize how much damage they are doing to others and themselves. To be specific on a certain type of people who has a NPD are narcissistic parents. Narcissistic parents fall into two type of categories which damage their children. There is engulfing parents which mean the parents are overly protectiveRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1784 Words   |  8 PagesThe personality of a person is what ultimately defines who they are. This is what 99% of us look for in a person actually knowing who they really are. A person may be fun, loving, caring, and charismatic and a million other traits, but there is none like being narcissistic. A narcissistic person is one who truly believes that the world revolves around them and them only. This is someone who has an excessive or erotic interest in themselves, he/she craves constant admiration and never want to recognizeRead MoreIs Narcissism A Narcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1645 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s society, all types of personalities can be found on every corner, but has anyone ever interacted with a person that requires an overwhelming amount of respect and admiration. This action could be considered an arrogant personality trait; however, it could also imply that this person has a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). These individuals can be quite charming at first, making friends quickly and can be the life of the party until it doesn’t fit their needs any longer. A personRead MoreCharacteristics Of Narcissistic Personality Disorder1175 Words   |  5 Pagescommon disorders, known to scientists as the most heritable personality disorder in humans (Thomaes, et al ). It affects temperament, an individual’s nature pertaining to their permanent behavior, which can be affected through inheritance and their surroundings. In humans, the earliest stages in life affect the development of temperament the most, according to Thomaes et al ( ). It is also understood that the culture and atmosphere surrounding a human affects the maturati on of narcissistic tendenciesRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1176 Words   |  5 Pagesunfortunate and incurable mental illness, known as Narcissistic Personality Disorder. This disorder, otherwise known as, NPD, is a personality trait that reflects an inflated and grandiose self-concept (Buffardi Campbell, 2008). Basically, someone with this disorder thinks very highly of himself or herself, which typically results in a lack of empathy for others. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the preferred treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) because specific biomedical approachesRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1574 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a continuing pattern of irregular thinking, and behavior. Normal interaction with a narcissist can be difficult and confusing for others. This paper will allow you to identify the signs and symptoms of this disorder, and what interventions or medications to help these individuals, plus the best time to get them to a doctor. *Keywords: Mental Disorder, Signs, Symptoms, Interventions, Medications â€Æ' NPD is portrayed by an enduring pattern of grandiosityRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1612 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a mental disorder where someone has an exaggerated sense of their own presence, a need for constant admiration from others and they also have a lack of empathy for anyone (Mayo Clinic). A couple questions I have include: How does social media effect society? How does social media have an effect on someone diagnosed with NPD, What are ways you can help someone with NPD, and what are some ways we canRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pageshave narcissistic personality disorder. This personality disorder is defined as, â€Å"...a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy† (Comer, 2010, p. 531). People with narcissistic personality disorder are convinced of their own greatness; whether it be their success, artistic skill, or beauty. They also require the constant attention and admiration of the people around them. But, this is not all that is involved in this disorder. People with narcissistic personality disorder

Essay Work-Life Balance

Question: Essay on Work-Life Balance. Answer: Introduction The author analyses the theories of work life balance, flexibility and human resource management and its effect on society and global environment. The author analyzes various theories on the work life balance and flexibility to solve the problems given in case study. The author identifies and discusses how work life and personal life can be balanced what are the things that managers should do during the recession. The essay also reflects the ill impacts of working for extra hours on health and the personal and work life. The main aim of the managers in an organization should be to satisfy employee along with the customers. For this the management unit should ensure that the employees get an equal opportunity to maintain their career and personal life. Work life balance means prioritizing the balance between work and lifestyle (Smeaton et al., 2015). Body Management of the employees and the human capital and assets of the organization is known as human resource management. The main responsibility of the human resource department in an organization is to recruit the right people for right job, training and development of employees, evaluating their performance, motivating the employees to achieve the goals of the firm and also solving the problems that employees face in the organization. The responsibility of human resource department is also to maintain and ensure that no employee in pressurized for work and the employees are able to maintain a balance between work life and personal life (Bratton Gold, 2015). Maintaining a balance between career and personal life is known as work-life balance. Since humans work to earn a standard of living the lifestyle of people often changes when they enter the corporate field. The time that they spend with their family reduces. So it is essential for the employees to maintain balances as it will not only benefit society but also the organization in which it is working. The research shows that working extra hour accounts for a total of seventy one billion dollar unpaid work each year. When the employees in an organization have to give an extra working hour in an organization they have to compromise the hour that they could have given to their family and leisure activities (Allen, et al., 2013). Flexibility is one of the elements of work life balance. Being flexible means choosing a career and office of its own choice and it also includes changing the shift timings and giving leave arrangements to the employees during the time of emergency. Flexible work arrangement is the situation or schedule that is different from the traditional schedule. Work life policy programs in Australia includes flexible hours, part time work, job sharing, work from home, employee assistance program, relocation service and granting casual laves so that employees can invest time for personal needs and family as well (Healey, 2008). According to Juliet Bourke, the work life balance suffers negativity than spreading positivity. However, the basic original paradigm of work-life balance approach is to enhance the profit maximization principle than cost minimization principle. Although, this paradigm is not able to prove flexibility because there is pressure given on the employees to perform better and for longer hours but only a fewer people are able to meet up to the capabilities of the work management (Cooney, et al., 2016). The work management is now focusing to reduce the weeks work to retain the employees. The pressure build up on good employees is more as extra workload is given to them. Therefore, this results in increase in the workload pressure on the employees by hampering their balanced life (Noon, Blyton Morrell, 2013). The work life balance not only hampers the social well-being but it also influences the personal well being because with increased workload will give more responsibility (Nayak Pandey, 2015). Although, this will become a never ending cycle of work that only deals with concerns and pressures. The work and time are inverse relationship as the work increases; the time will seem to be less. Nonetheless, it is not beneficial if employees are more stressed because this will result in more cost for the organization as well as the employees who are working from home. The teleconference will ultimately result in more cost, time and money wastage. However, to get maximum benefits, the organization needs to formulate a policy that deals with more out of less such that the efficient employees are not properly absorbed on the organization. As a result, flexibility has moved from the original paradigm making it unavoidable as well as necessary. As originally explained, should possess a proper coo rdination with efficient work-life balance approach (Jones, Burke Westman, 2013). The change makes it difficult for the organization to function properly, which not only results in conflicts between different working groups but also results in the challenges faced by time. However, there is a need to establish a proper policy system. Even more, if managers write policies then there will be extreme wastage of time, as the policies need to be re-written in correspondence with the employees demand in the organization. Todays work-life scenarios are inflexible in nature as there is too much pressure. Nevertheless, there should be more flexibility in the work life balance of work management. According to the recent study conducted by Janssen (2013), after analysing Net surveys database, only 28% of the working people have good work life balance rest 72% are not entirely happy with their work. However, to combat the the rising percentages, many organizations have adopted work-life flexibility working hours, starting with boosting the morale of the employees. The work-li fe flexibility is important in any organization as it involves a critical path management of the employees as well as employers. On the other hand, flexibility deems to be important for the employees because it reduces cost and provides employees to spend more time with their immediate close ones and family. Inflexibility is involves more working hours and many people avoid regular holidays even (Riley, 2012). As the saying goes, excess of everything is bad, highlights the proficiency that there is a negative impact on the managers and employees. Long working hours after the normal office working hours can prove to be detrimental for both the employees as well as the managers. Moreover, the immediate sufferers are the family of the employees and the managers that need to suffer along with them. It also proves detrimental on the ability of the performance, which creates unwanted deviations like health issues, sleeplessness and fatigue (Nitzsche, et al., 2013). Increased working hours has following impacts. Firstly, it causes an increased likelihood of illness and injury among the employees such as high prevalence of back disorders, hypertension, less physical and ultimately results in job dissatisfaction (Darcy, et al., 2012). However, there is extreme positioning of the fact that other than employees harmful effects, it also leads to increase in cost of the organization. Moreover, as the w orking hours increases, there is less of productivity and increase in risks of safety. However, there are various studies conducted, this study shows that more than 60 hours a week leads to decrease in productivity as well as dissatisfaction of the customers. A study was conducted on the workers who rode a truck, which revealed that the company had told them to work for more than 40 hours per week. As a result, the study states that with 60 more hours of work lead to indicators of productivity outcomes with injury rates and the moderate employee workers did not face any situation. The productivity outcomes laid two brief results, one followed physical, and the other followed to be non-physical presenters as in both the cases they were affected by the scenario (Golden, 2012). The other affect that highlights the cause is tiredness in which employees avoid doing any task such as their productivity falls and unproductive time increases. Working for longer durations also resulted in absenteeism, which not only hampered the productivity of the person as that of the organization. The silent sufferers had been the communities and the society in which the one person has born to live (Pencavel, 2015). The organization should give reward and recognition to the ones who give extra labour in their work by giving their valuable time and energy than required. On the other hand, time management is one factor that needs to be focused always (Lunau, et al., 2014). Conversely, some techniques should be applied that not only mitigates the effect of health and productivity but also studies the impact on the horizontal and vertical communication. If a job requires work, then the employee needs to be ready for the consequences ahead such that there is motivation for the extra hour one sits on the office and completes its work. However, the employees who work extra time will be rewarded with either cash or kind (Maalik, Ahmed Nazir, 2015). During the time of economic downturn or recession the working hour of people reduce due to reduction in the workload. This is the time where the employees get the maximum time to spend with their family. The salaries and wages depend on the performance of employees during the recession. But in organizations where the corporate culture is strong managers realize that firms will not benefit by reducing the working hours instead they lay off the workers that are unproductive and using the offices resources and wasting the time of organization. The main problem arises when the organizations are not able to handle the remaining workers in organization efficiently after the layoff (Perlow Kelly, 2014). The employees that are left in the organization are then pressurized due to which maintain the balance between work and life becomes difficult for the employees. Managers can ensure that the employees are able to maintain the work life balance by providing monetary benefits to the employees who have been laid off. Extra incentives should be given to ones who are putting in extra efforts and in form of compensation, insurance policy and retirement benefits. It is essential to ensure that the remaining employees in organization are happy because they are the ones who will help the firm come out of the recession. So it is essential to preserve the interests of the employees and keep them happy by not pressurizing them for work (Vandello et al., 2013). The managers should realize the positive impact of flexible work arrangement on productivity. The organization should form a proper financial strategy to help the firm come out of recession. Proper allocation of resources is also essential be it human or capital during economic downturn. Management unit should also realize that the workers that are laid off are important part of organization. So it is essential to ensure that during the boom period the employees dont refuse to work again with the organization. Management of time is the most essential factor to maintain work life balance. Flexibility work arrangement should be adopted in organizations so that the employees are satisfied and they can give time to their family along with work. Proper decision of work and strategy is essential for effective utilization of time and resources. Work life balance during the time of economic recession or downturn can be achieved by forming proper policies and strategies. The main responsibility of ensuring the work life balance and flexibility and flexible work arrangement is that of the human resource department (Campbell, 2015). Conclsion Work life balance and flexibility at work arrangement both has pros and cons. If it is managed properly then its result will benefit both the organization and employees. With the change in tradition, the work load is also increasing. There are many ill effects of working overtime and main hamper is on productivity of employees and organization. In order to increase profitability and productivity it is essential for the workers to maintain the family as well as career. The main role of human resource manager is to manage the employees and keep them motivated so that together they can work to achieve the goal of the firm. Both the employers and employees should work together to achieve one common goal set by the organization. References Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., Shockley, K. M. (2013). Workfamily conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility.Personnel Psychology,66(2), 345-376. B Nayak, A., Pandey, M. (2015). Work-Life Balance And Imbalance: A Conceptual Model. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2015). Towards Critical Human Resource Management Education (CHRME): a sociological imagination approach.Work, Employment Society,29(3), 496-507. Campbell, K. M. (2015). Flexible Work Schedules, Virtual Work Programs, and Employee Productivity. Cooney, L.L., Tartar, J., Murphy Esq, S., Esq, M. Stephen, G. (2016). Video: The Balancing Act: Managing Work Life in a 24/7/365 World. Darcy, C., McCarthy, A., Hill, J., Grady, G. (2012). Worklife balance: One size fits all? An exploratory analysis of the differential effects of career stage.European Management Journal,30(2), 111-120. Golden, L. (2012). The Effects of Working Time on Productivity and Firm Performance, Research Synthesis Paper.International Labor Organization (ILO) Conditions of Work and Employment Series, (33). Healey, J. (2008).Work-life balance. Thirroul, N.S.W. : Spinney Press, 2008 Janssen, J. (2013).A poor work-life-balance is bad both for employees and employers - Netsurvey.Netsurvey. Retrieved 2 June 2016 Jones, F., Burke, R. J., Westman, M. (2013).Work-life balance: A psychological perspective. Psychology Press. Lunau, T., Bambra, C., Eikemo, T. A., van der Wel, K. A., Dragano, N. (2014). A balancing act? Worklife balance, health and well-being in European welfare states.The Euro Maalik, A., Ahmed, N., Nazir, I. (2015). Impact of Work Life Balance, Career Development and Reward on Employee. Performance in Petroleum Sector of Pakistan. Nitzsche, A., Pfaff, H., Jung, J. and Driller, E., 2013. Worklife balance culture, workhome interaction, and emotional exhaustion: A structural equation modeling approach.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,55(1), pp.67-73. Noon, M., Blyton, P. Morrell, K. (2013).The realities of work: Experiencing work and employment in contemporary society. Palgrave Macmillan. Pencavel, J. (2015). The productivity of working hours.The Economic Journal,125(589), 2052-2076. Perlow, L. A., Kelly, E. L. (2014). Toward a model of work redesign for better work and better life.Work and Occupations,41(1), 111-134.. Riley, D. E. R. E. K. (2012).Work and family interface: Wellbeing and the role of resilience and work-life balance(Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis). The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand).

Mongolian Effects on Russia and China free essay sample

AsiaIn the years between 1100 and 1400 the Mongol empire stretched the farthest of any empire throughout history. Within the massive land under Mongol rule laid the lands of China and Russia. The Mongols knew how to maintain their empire but had different ways of doing it in each part. This lead to the separate, divergent ways of governing the two lands. In China and Russia, the Mongol era brought an immense change in political and economical power. In China, political impact from the Mongols came off much stricter than it did in Russia. The leader of the Mongolians, Kublai Khan guided the Mongols to conquer the Southern Song dynasty. Even though the Mongols had ruled territories, which included modern day northern China for many years, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially accepted a traditional Chinese style. When Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty, he practically conquered all of China. The Chinese weren’t as politically free as the Russians. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongolian Effects on Russia and China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example Chinese were not allowed to inter-marry. He also banned Chinese scholars from learning Mongolian script and kept the two militaries separate. Mongol political control in Russia was different than China. One could argue that Mongolia was slightly â€Å"looser† with the Russian government. The Russians were aloud a grand prince to lead under Mongolian power but they were forced to pay tribute. Not only did the Mongol rule have a huge effect on the politics of China and Russia but the economy was affected as well. During the Mongolian rule, the China became a heart of trade for the Eastern world. This gave the Mongols complete control of the Silk Road. China had things that so many other places in the world wanted such as silk and porcelain. With a high demand for these Chinese goods the jobs were created, trade flourished, and the Mongolians highly benefited from the booming economy in China. The Mongols had a very different effect on the Russian economy than the Chinese economy. The Mongols caused the Russian economy to crash, which made Russia restart all of its agricultural affairs. This forced Russia to rely generally on peasant labor. Paper money was also being made which caused major inflation. Instead of becoming a hot spot for trade, Russia became weaker do to the economic Mongol torture.

Differences Between Allopathic and Osteopathic Medicine

Differences Between Allopathic and Osteopathic Medicine There are two basic types of medical training: allopathic and osteopathic. The traditional medical degree, the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), requires training in allopathic medicine while osteopathic medical schools award the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. Students hoping to achieve either degree attend medical schools and receive substantial training (4 years, not including residency), and other than the osteopathic students ability to administer osteopathic medicine, there is no real marked difference between the two programs. Training The curricula of both schools are similar. State licensing agencies and most hospitals and residency programs recognize the degrees as equivalent. In other words, osteopathic doctors are legally and professionally equivalent to allopathic doctors. The important difference between the two types of schools of training is that osteopathic medical schools take a holistic perspective on the practice of medicine based on a belief in treating the whole patient (mind-body-spirit) and the primacy of the musculoskeletal system in human health and the utility of osteopathic manipulative treatment. D.O. recipients emphasize prevention, a historical distinction which is less relevant as all of the medicine increasingly emphasizes prevention. Biomedical and clinical sciences take the forefront of both degrees training programs, requiring students of both fields to complete relatively the same course load (anatomy, microbiology, pathology, etc), but the osteopathic student additionally takes courses focused on hands-on manual medicine, including an additional 300-500 hours of study in manipulating the musculoskeletal system, a practice referred to as osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM). Admissions and Enrollment There are fewer D.O. programs than M.D. programs in the United States with about 20% of medical students entering D.O. programs each year. As compared with traditional medical school, osteopathic medical schools have a reputation for looking at the applicant, not just his or her statistics, and therefore likely to admit nontraditional applicants who are older, non-science majors or seeking a second career. The average GPA and MCAT scores for incoming students are slightly lower in osteopathic programs, but the difference is rapidly falling. The average age of entering osteopathic students is about 26 years (versus allopathic medical schools 24). Both require an undergraduate degree and basic science coursework before applying. Practicing osteopathic physicians make up seven percent of the United States medical physicians with over 96,000 practicing currently in the country. With enrollment in D.O. programs increasing steadily since 2007, though, it is expected that these numbers will climb in the coming years and more private practices will open that focus on this field of medicine.   The Real Difference The main disadvantage of choosing osteopathic medicine is that that you may find yourself educating patients and colleagues about your degree and credentials (i.e., that a D.O. is the equivalent of an M.D.). Otherwise, both receive the same level of legal benefits and are fully accredited to practice in the United States. Essentially, if you are hoping to choose between the two fields of study, you really just need to evaluate whether or not you believe in a more holistic, hands-on approach to medicine or the more traditional route of becoming a Doctor of Medicine. Either way, though, youll be a physician after completing your medical school degree and residency programs.

How to Cancel Your ACT Scores

How to Cancel Your ACT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Think you did horribly on the ACT? Need to cancel your scores? Or are you just wondering what you would do if you ran into an emergency on test day? In this guide, we'll cover three actions you can take to deal with a bad ACT score: canceling scores, stopping college score reports, and deleting existing scores. Likely you would only need to use one or two of these methods if you run into trouble, but we will cover all three to make sure you know all of your options. Option 1: Canceling ACT Scores If you don't think you did well on the ACT, your first option is to cancel your scores. It's the most drastic option you can take if you think you did poorly on the ACT, and it stops your exam from even being graded. What Does Canceling Your Scores Do? If you cancel your scores, this means your test won't be graded and you won't get a score report. Students usually do this if something unexpected happens during the test– for example they get suddenly sick or an emergency pops up. Canceling your scores does not come with a refund, so we only recommend doing this in an extreme situation. You should only cancel your scores if you can't finish the test. Don’t cancel your scores just because you feel bad about your performance. Why not? Since you already paid for the test, if you were able to finish it, you might as well wait and see your test scores.Lots of students walk out of the test center feeling like they bombed the ACT, but they're often pleasantly surprised by their scores. You might be one of them. Plus you can learn about your performance from the score report, which is helpful if you decide to retake the ACT. And if your scores really are terrible, you can delete them later on (a process we'll explain later in this post). Finally, know that most schools do not require you to send all your ACT scores. In fact, you will need to send individual score reports to each school. You can take the ACT up to six times, and you don't need to send your lower ACT scores to schools. Our advice if you think you did poorly would be to wait for your score report but delete your college score recipients, which we will explain below. How Do You Cancel Your ACT Scores? You can only cancel your ACT score on the day of the exam, while you're still at the test center. In order to do this, tell the exam proctor to void your scores before you leave the test center. This will stop your test from being graded, and you won’t get a score. Again, only do this in extreme or unusual circumstances.If you don't tell the proctor to void your score before you leave, there is nothing you can doto stop your test from being graded. Once you’ve broken the seal on your test booklet, that test is yours and you either need to complete it or cancel the score. If an emergency comes up right before the test, just don’t break the seal and you will be able to move your registration to a different date. You can also do this if you can't make it to the test center the day of the ACT. (You can switch your test date online using your ACT student account. You will have to pay the test date change fee, but that's cheaper than a whole new registration.) Option 2: Getting Rid of Your College Score Recipients Once the reports are in the mail, it's too late. One thing you absolutely should do if you feel shaky about your ACT performance is to get rid of your college score recipients. This is different than canceling your score reports. While your ACT will still be graded, you can make sure no colleges see your scores. You can always send the score reports later if it turns out you did well (although you'll need to pay for those score reports). The ACT will send up to four score reports out to colleges of your choice for free as part of your test registration. You can cancel these reports up to the Thursday after your test. If you’re worried that your performance was bad, simply log onto your ACT Student account and delete those college score recipients. This guarantees no scores will be sent to anyone, unless you choose to send the scores later on. You have until the Thursday after the ACT to edit or delete colleges from that list. After that, the score reports will be sent no matter what. So if you complete the ACT but think you did poorly, simply delete the colleges off your score sending list so they won’t see your score. Option 3: Deleting Test Records If you end up with an ACT score you’re not happy with, aside from making sure it’s not sent to colleges, you can also delete the scores from the ACT’s records. You can do this by submitting a written request to ACT. Send a letter with your name and address, and state that you want to delete a test date record. Mail the letter here: ACT Institutional Services P.O. Box 168 Iowa City, IA 52243-0168 USA The ACT will then send you back a form that you can use to delete the test record. This can permanently remove a bad test score from your record. However, if you took the ACT as part of state or district testing, it can’t be deleted. This only applies for testing you signed up for and paid for yourself. Bottom Line If you’re feeling really sick or an emergency pops up the morning of the ACT, the smartest thing to do is to no-show and use your test registration for a later test date. If you start your test but are unable to finish, void your scores before you leave the test center to make sure a score report isn’t created. If you don’t void your scores, make sure to delete your college score recipientsby the Thursday after the ACT to make sure your score isn’t sent to colleges. And finally, if you get your score and decide you don’t like it, it can be deleted from ACT’s records. As long as you're aware of these options, you can make sure colleges only see the scores you want them to. What’s Next? Need to prep for the ACT, ASAP? Read our guide to making massive point improvements in just 10 days. Need more help on the ACT? Get a guide to must-know ACT Vocab and learn how to write an ACT essay, step-by-step. Also read a guide to each section on the ACT: English, Math, Reading, and Science. So there's no guessing penalty on the ACT, but that doesn't mean you should guess wildly and without a strategy. Read our guide to guessing wisely on the ACT to maximize your score. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Knowledge Management Processes & Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Knowledge Management Processes & Tools - Essay Example Under these terms, a wide range of knowledge sharing tools has been developed aiming to respond to the needs of all relevant cases. The forms and the implications of knowledge sharing, in the context of knowledge management, are examined in this paper. Two specific knowledge sharing tools, blogs and intranets, are examined and evaluated – at the level that they can help to understand the contribution of knowledge sharing in the development of knowledge management. The key aspects of knowledge management, as the framework in which knowledge sharing operates, are also examined; particular emphasis is given on the fact that the forms of knowledge sharing tools used for serving the relevant needs of individuals and organizations are many, a fact indicating the lack of an integrated tool for knowledge sharing in both the social and the business context. 1. Introduction In modern market, the need for communication is intensive; effective communication is a prerequisite for the succe ss of various projects, personal or business. In this context, the sharing of knowledge has been considered as of crucial importance in order for various social and economic targets to be achieved. For this reason, a series of theoretical frameworks has been established aiming to help people to understand the value of communication and to choose the tools that would best help them to communicate and share knowledge with other people in the same or different social context. Current paper focused on the various aspects of knowledge management as a key prerequisite of communication in different environments; the most important knowledge management processes and tools are examined and evaluated. Reference is made to knowledge management as part both of social life and organizational activity. Emphasis is given on a particular aspect of knowledge management: the knowledge sharing. The literature published in the specific field has been reviewed aiming to show the role and the challenges of knowledge sharing as a key organizational activity, referring to the main role of knowledge management, as an organizational process; at the same time, two different knowledge management tools are presented and analysed: blogs and intranets. Both of them are likely to operate in different environments, i.e. both at workplace or at home. It is concluded that knowledge management, as part of a specific social or business activity is a significant prerequisite of effective communication. However, the following issue appears: can knowledge sharing tools, as described in this paper, have a standardized form or they are likely to be continuously changed – in order to meet the requirements of specific organizational or social context? The examination of the characteristics and the requirements of knowledge sharing tools has led to the assumption that these tools may change in terms of their operational characteristics and requirements; however, their key form and role remains the same. Moreover, their involvement in communication and knowledge sharing is also likely to be differentiated – under the influence of the local, economic and political conditions. 2. Knowledge management – overview, role In order to understand the potential value and the challeng

Sunk Costs and Organizational Decision Making Research Paper

Sunk Costs and Organizational Decision Making - Research Paper Example The $100,000 the company expends to buy the license is a sunk cost. Thus, sunk cost is one that when once it has been incurred, it could not be transformed or changed by a present decision. Thus, the company cannot rectify what was done by going back into the past and undo the decision made in the past. Further, it cannot be refunded or recovered as the government will neither permit the same to be resold or to will buy back the same. (Arnold, 2008, p184). Clark and Wrigley (1995) recognise three varieties of sunk costs which can efficiently produce a lesser or greater magnitude of such locational inaction. In the first type of sunk cost, for instance, for training costs of inward investors , whenever there is a requirement of significant skills to be harnessed , but on the assumption that lion’s share of such inward remittance based on low-skilled jobs and in such cases , sunk costs are particularly so significant. According to Peck (1996), the second type of sunk cost may be the cost of leasing or acquiring local property and land. Poignantly, a considerable quantum of such setup sunk costs may be met by subsidy from either central or state governments or shared by both by way of regional developments of grants and the leveling and provision of premises and sites. As per Gold (1981), there is a technical sense where the economies of scale is associated with the physical capacity which is notionally regarded as set-up sunk costs but none can be important in assessing industries and firms to specific places and the best illustration, here would be the location of chemical industries and petrochemical industries. Lastly, Clark and Wrigley recognise â€Å"exit† sunk costs, which become perceptible when a factory winds up its operations or a business exit from industry or a market. The best example here is the cost associated with pension provisions and severance pay. (Phelps, 2002, p 61-62). 2) Statement of the Problem- â€Å"Sunk cost† is a term borrowed from accounting and economics, referring to those costs that have been incurred and are therefore no longer relevant to future decision-making (Hirschey, 2009; Taylor, 2010). However, despite it irrelevance in terms of monetary reckoning, the psychological effect of â€Å"sunk cost† on the human decision making process remains evident. The effect of sunk costs on decision making in general has been a topic of interest in diverse areas such as human development (Kelly, 2004; Arkes, 1999) and education (Rover, et al., 2009). In business likewise, they figure unintentionally in managerial decision making. 3) Significance of the problem- Without realizing it, investors and managers are prone to the â€Å"sunk cost effect.† The disproportionate consideration of sunk costs constitutes a trap to decision making; positions are sometimes taken or products pushed too long in the hope that they may still turn profitable, because the investor or manager refuses to ad mit that it was a bad investment to the point of abandoning it (A to Z of Management Concepts & Models, 2005). In the interest of avoiding mistakes in decision making that will eventually affect firm profitability, studies should continue on

Marriage Imprisons Essay Example for Free

Marriage Imprisons Essay Lectric Law Library defines marriage as, A contract made in due form of law, by which a free man and a free woman reciprocally engage to live with each other during their joint lives, in the union which ought to exist between husband and wife. By the terms freeman and freewoman in this definition are meant, not only that they are free and not slaves, but also that they are clear of all bars to a lawful marriage (Marriage). Unfortunately, this written definition doesnt always seem to be working in everyday life. In the short stories, The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, An Adventure in Paris by Guy de Maupassant and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber, a reader may find many examples that demonstrate how marriage imprisons people. In the vey first sentence in The Story of an Hour a reader finds out that the main character, Louise has heart trouble and may not be able to handle shock or surprise. At the same time, her heart problems symbolize her heartbreak over her role in life. From almost the beginning, the reader is given a clue that Louise has wanted to free herself from her marriage. Mrs. Mallard reacts to the news about her husbands death with sudden, wild abandonment and locks herself in her bedroom (Chopin 123). The narrator notes that her reaction is not usual for a woman who has just lost her husband. She does not feel paralyzed or unable to accept his fate. She is able to quickly abandon her role as a wife. Ironically, her husbands death makes Louise to feel alive for the first time. The author describes the beautiful change from winter to spring. The new season is a symbol of the transformation of Louises character. The open widow symbolizes all the possibilities that are now available to her. The storys springtime setting also symbolizes her rebirth as an independent person. Now that her husband is dead, she will be free to assert herself in ways she never before dreamed while she was married. She states that she had loved her husband sometimes, but that now she would be Free! Body and soul free! (Chopin 124). The major irony of the story comes with the surprise at the end. Louise thought her freedom would come from her husbands death. Instead, she gains freedom from his domination only in her own death after she finds out hes alive. Unfortunately, long fee life she imagined lasted just for an hour. Another great example of imprisoned by marriage woman is the main character of An Adventure in Paris by Guy De Maupassant. In the story the author reveals a story of a married woman who has spent a great portion of her life at home raising her two children. Obviously, she neither had the chance to experience much excitement nor adventure through these years. Thus, she felt that she was growing old without having known life (De Maupassant 512). She often thought of the exciting life of Paris, wishing to free herself from the dull life she led, and to get the chance to experience some pleasure on her own. One day, she finds a pretext to get out of the house and goes for a journey to Paris (De Maupassant 512). She meets a well-know man, Jean Varin who shows her the way he lives in Paris. They go together for a walk, for a dinner, she even stays at his house for the night. Unfortunately, all she experiences next to his side is nothing comparing to what she dreamed of. She realizes that those well-known men in Paris arent any different than her own husband. Just like her husband Varin snores and sleeps on his back. Lying next to Varin in bed, she was heartbroken (De Maupassant 515). Surprisingly through out the story a narrator never reveals the womans name, she is referred to the reader as a she (De Maupassant 512). This is not an accident of a narrative. De Maupassant shows that while the woman is married, she cease to exist as her own person. The woman is simply controlled and imprisoned by her family and all the responsibilities as a mother and wife. In contrast, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber illustrates that not only women may experience a feeling of being imprisoned by marriage. The main character in the story, Walter Mitty is fully controlled by his wife and seems to be unable to stand up for himself. Mitty is trapped in a world that is full of dull responsibilities and offers few possibilities for adventure. He spends much of his time escaping into fantasies in which it is him who is in control, and in which his life is full of excitement and adventure. Mitty dreams of flying planes in hazardous conditions and causing scenes in courtrooms, but his life consists of buying overshoes and waiting for his wife to have her hair done. His wife obviously worries about Walters health and welfare; she observes that he is nervous, suggests a visit to a doctor, notes that she intends to check his temperature when they return home, and reminds him to wear his gloves and buy overshoes. Unfortunately, at the same time she is breaking the spirit of the man in his life which makes him feel imprisoned. Mitty keeps escaping into fantasies to forget at least for few minutes about his miserable life. Many people recognize marriage with happiness and joyful life. Unfortunately, as we learn from the three stories above, married people often find their life more dull than enjoyable. Lack of excitement and pleasures in marriage, make spouses life unhappy and thats why they often look for a way to escape from it. Thus, in reality marriage differs from its written definition and in fact imprisons people. Works Cited Baush, Richard and R.V. Cassill, eds. The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. New York: Norton, 2006. Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. Baush and Cassil123- 125. De Maupassant, Guy. An Adventure in Paris. Baush and Cassil 511- 516. Marriage. The Lectric Law Librarys Lexicon On. 2007. Lectric Law Library.15 Nov 2007. http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/m087.htm Thurber, James. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. Baush and Cassill 720- 724.

The Use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

The Use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War Agent Orange is a plant killer, which was used during the Vietnam War to destroy the massive amount of trees (Nguyen, 1). The destruction that occurred, however, is far more extensive than once believed. Complications in health occur much more frequently to those exposed to the chemical than those who managed to avoid contact (Nguyen, 2). The use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War affected the American soldier’s health and genetics. Agent Orange is a 50:50 mixture of two major compounds, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (Nguyen, 2). This defoliant also contains dioxin, which is one of the most lethal compounds known to man (Nguyen, 2). Ironically, the dioxin, which makes Agent Orange lethal to humans, isn’t intended to kill plants at all (Vancil, 1). It is extremely hard to prove, however, that dioxin is responsible for the countless illnesses acquired by many Vietnam veterans because each individual has their own tolerance to dioxin (Vancil, 1). Many soldiers in the Vietnam War encountered Agent Orange repeatedly. Their lives revolved around the 55-gallon drums, which once were filled with an extremely harmful herbicide. Unaware of the possible consequences, many soldiers built showers and hibachis out of these discarded drums (Doyle, 139). They also used the barren drums to store potatoes and watermelons (Doyle, 139). One man described to his wife how they would bathe and s...

Plant layout Essay

PLANT LAYOUT Outline of Contents: What is Plant layout? Necessity of good layout Factors affecting good layout Principles of good layout Advantages of good layout Symptoms of poor layout Types of layout What is PLANT LAYOUT? Plant layout refers to the arrangement of physical facilities such as machines, equipment, tools, furniture etc. in such a manner so as to have quickest flow of material at the lowest cost and with the least amount of handling in processing the product from the receipt of raw material to the delivery of the final product. Plant Layout is a plan of an optimum arrangement of facilities including personnel, operating equipment, storage space, material handling equipments and all other supporting services along with the design of best structure to contain all these facilities. A good layout is one which allows material rapidly and directly for processing. This reduces transport handling, clerical and other costs down per unit. Space requirement are minimized and it reduces idle machine time and idle time of man. Necessity of good plant layout Minimization of material handling Optimum utilization of available floor space Elimination of bottlenecks through balancing of all capacities Minimization o production delays Easy supervision and better manpower resources through elimination of idle time Elimination of physical efforts required by workers Elimination or improvement of objectionable operations. E.g. Operations with bad odor, vibrating operations etc. Avoiding industrial accidents Better working conditions like light, ventilation, noise control etc. Optimum utilization of machinery and equipment through proper use. Minimization of cost so that product will be available at cheaper rate to customer and  delivery in time. Factors affecting facility Layout Nature of plant-Engineering/Process Industry Type of Production-Mass/Flow, Batch, Job Shop Type of Production-Make to Stock/order, std/spec Plant Location-Area available, building type-storey Volume of Production-Scale of production Types of machines and equipment-automation Repairs and maintenance -Policy, schedule on site Arrangement of material handling equipment Future expansion plan Principles of good Layout Minimum Handling Interdependence Minimum investment Integration of factors-3M Minimum movement-Distance/Flow Continuous flow-forward Optimum utilization of available space Maximum visibility Maximum accessibility Maximum Flexibility Safety, Security and Satisfaction Advantages of Good Plant Layout Proper and efficient utilization of available floor space Transportation of work from one point to another point without any delay Proper utilization of production capacity. Reduce material handling costs Utilize labor efficiently Reduce accidents Provide for volume and product flexibility Provide ease of supervision and control Provide for employee safety and health Allow easy maintenance of machines and plant. Improve productivity Symptoms of Poor Layout Delays and work stoppage in manufacturing process Slow movement of material through the plant Congestion of materials, components and work in progress Poor utilization of space High material handling and transportation costs Excessive handling by skilled workers Production cycles and delays in delivery Mental or physical strain on operators Difficulties in maintain effective supervision and control Underutilization of machines and workers Lack of flexibility and difficulty in production planning and control Types Of Layout: There are mainly four types of plant layout: (a) Product or line layout (b) Process or functional layout (c) Fixed position or location layout (d) Combined or group layout Product or line layout: In this type of layout the machines and equipments are arranged in one line depending upon the sequence of operations required for the product. It is also called as line layout. The material moves to another machine sequentially without any backtracking or deviation i.e. the output of one machine becomes input of the next machine. It requires a very little material handling. It is used for mass production of standardized products. Advantages of Product layout: Low cost of material handling, due to straight and short route and absence of backtracking Smooth and continuous operations Continuous flow of work Lesser inventory and work in progress Optimum use of floor space Simple and effective inspection of work and simplified production control Lower manufacturing cost per unit Disadvantages of Product layout: Higher initial capital investment in special purpose machine (SPM) High overhead charges Breakdown of one machine will disturb the production process. Lesser flexibility of physical resources. Process layout: In this type of layout the machines of a similar type are arranged together at one place. This type of layout is used for batch production. It is preferred when the product is not standardized and the quantity produced is very small. Advantages of Process layout Lower initial capital investment is required. There is high degree of machine utilization, as a machine is not blocked for a single product The overhead costs are relatively low Breakdown of one machine does not disturb the production process. Supervision can be more effective and specialized. Greater flexibility of resources. Disadvantages of Process layout: Material handling costs are high due to backtracking More skilled labour is required resulting in higher cost. Work in progress inventory is high needing greater storage space More frequent inspection is needed which results in costly supervision Combined layout: A combination of process & product layout is known as combined layout. Manufacturing concerns where several products are produced in repeated numbers with no likelihood of continuous production, combined layout is followed Fixed position or location layout: Fixed position layout involves the movement of manpower and machines to the product which remains stationary. The movement of men and machines is advisable as the cost of moving them would be lesser. This type of layout is preferred where the size of the job is bulky and heavy. Example of such type of layout is locomotives, ships, boilers, generators, wagon building, aircraft manufacturing, etc. Advantages of Fixed position layout: The investment on layout is very small.  The layout is flexible as change in job design and operation sequence can be easily incorporated. Adjustments can be made to meet shortage of materials or absence of workers by changing the sequence of operations. Disadvantages of Fixed position layout: As the production period being very long so the capital investment is very high. Very large space is required for storage of material and equipment near the product. As several operations are often carried out simultaneously so there is possibility of confusion and conflicts among different workgroups.

Discuss how ICT has changed modern society Essay

Our modern day world becomes more and more modern every day, with new technologies and advances coming up. ICT impacts all parts of our lives, and has had a massive impact to society, the environment and its future. Information and Communication technology opened up a whole new industry in the work sector, and that is clearly one of its many advantages. The ICT industry in Australia alone employs over 541,000 professionals. Meaning over half a million people with actual degrees in ICT related subjects. At least 500,000-1,000,000 are expected as amateurs who have worked in the industry before. Our reliance on computers and technology is the reason that this number continues to increase. Although employment rates in ICT have stabilised from the roaring it had over the past decade, it is still employing thousands of people annually. Increased employments rates in this sector allows a fast form of global communication and trade. ICT also left a mark on the way in which society communicates. E-mails, instant messaging, video conferences are all new ways in which people communicate effectively every day. These in turn, impact the economy. People have a much better standard of living as they don’t have to pay for phone bills, plane tickets, or spend money on gas to visit their friends. Instead, this can all be done within a few seconds with a computer costing less than a single plane ticket. Many schools worldwide use the internet for interactive trips for their students. With the economy suffering in the USA, may schools have adopted using video websites such as YouTube to keep the students interested with the issues of the world. It is only human to get a rush as soon as you sit down in front of a computer, same for kids. Students studying Applied ICT at AS and A2 level are learning topics that were taught at degree levels only a decade ago. So ICT skills needed for the workforce are actually taught earlier on in life now. That’s how vitally important they are. Nothing can be ‘complete’ without mentioning global warming. ICT has reduced CO2 emissions from paper refineries worldwide, which in turn reduces the amount of global warming. Also, if you were to write on paper, you would need plenty of light and paper to do so, instead, ICT gives you the light of the screen, and pixel paper. This can also lead to a decrease in global warming statistics that have been rising ever since it was proven. No matter how flat you make a pancake, it will still have two sides. So does the argument about the impact of ICT. Every upside comes with an equal downside, for example, even though ICT courses are offered to much younger ages now, that still doesn’t disregard the fact that specialist equipment and rooms are needed for these courses. Specialists for troubleshooting must be on call, and security can be one of the major issues, as people know they’re constantly being watched, and this may effect their strive to learn. For example if someone knows they’re being watched, they wont be so eager to learn anymore. Security issues and the feeling of always being watched and monitored can consequentially cause panic attacks, and increase stress. Stress is the number one leading factor for heart attacks worldwide. ICT is a package that comes with health risks. Some include; extremely low frequency radiation ( caused by the lack of sun and being exposed to electricity for too long), Eyestrain (caused by poor lighting and a flickering screen, causes headaches, weak vision and pain), and Repetitive Strain Injury ( caused by repetition of the same movement , causes aching in arms and shoulders, loss of strength). The wrong posture while using the computer is a theory for the increase in rates of Scoliosis. As jobs are being created by ICT, jobs are also lost as many office clerks and people are being replaced by machinery. Delicate and secure information can be easily duplicated without a trace. This raises the whole security of ICT issue IT crime, hacking, fraud, and tacking were one of the most important issues of our time at the stat of the millennium. In 2004, the  leading cause of credit card fraud was from the internet, and unsecure websites that sold merchandise such as books, electronics, and even furniture.

How Television Affects The Family essays

How Television Affects The Family essays Opinion Essay: How Television Affects The Family The year was 1923, and Philo Farnsworth had an invention, and he called it The Television.(Farnsworth Cronicles) He had no idea how it would change the world. Since its arrival it has had a lasting impact on family life, throughout the world. When it first arrived, you couldnt find a family without one. Everyone was glued to their T.V. sets. Little has changed since its invention 81 years ago. Televisions became more modern and people couldnt pry themselves away from the tube. Soon enough this was affecting just how a family acted with each other. Parents were seeing less and less of their children and children were becoming couch-potatoes. The television has changed the way families were and are. When television was invented, it was not intended to be a replacement. Family is the most important influence in a child's life, but television is not far behind. When parents began to use the television as a baby-sitter or a teacher for their children is when they began to lose touch with their children. As the children grew up watching television and not interacting with their parents, they grew less and less apart. Children in the United States watch about 4 hours of TV every day. Watching movies on tape and playing video games only adds to time spent in front of the TV screen. It may be tempting to use television, movies, and video games to keep your child busy, but your child needs to spend as much time growing and learning as possible. Playing, reading, and spending time with friends and family are much healthier than sitting in front of a TV screen. (AAP) This is the truth. How can your child develop or how will you help them develop if you let them live their young life in front of a television? In the film, the Cable Guy, the mother of Jim Carreys character in the mo ...

Spectroscopy Definition and Difference vs Spectrometry

Spectroscopy Definition and Difference vs Spectrometry Spectroscopy is the analysis of the interaction between matter and any portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Traditionally, spectroscopy involved the visible spectrum of light, but X-ray, gamma, and UV spectroscopy also are valuable analytical techniques. Spectroscopy can involve any interaction between light and matter, including absorption, emission, scattering, etc. Data obtained from spectroscopy is usually presented as a spectrum (plural: spectra) that is a plot of the factor being measured as a function of either frequency or wavelength. Emission spectra and absorption spectra are common examples. How Spectroscopy Works When a beam of electromagnetic radiation passes through a sample, the photons interact with the sample. They may be absorbed, reflected, refracted, etc. Absorbed radiation affects the electrons and chemical bonds in a sample. In some cases, the absorbed radiation leads to the emission of lower-energy photons. Spectroscopy looks at how the incident radiation affects the sample. Emitted and absorbed spectra can be used to gain information about the material. Because the interaction depends on the wavelength of radiation, there are many different types of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy Versus Spectrometry In practice, the terms spectroscopy and spectrometry are used interchangeably (except for mass spectrometry), but the two words dont mean exactly the same thing. Spectroscopy comes from the Latin word specere, meaning to look at, and the Greek word skopia, meaning to see. The ending of spectrometry comes from the Greek word metria, meaning to measure. Spectroscopy studies the electromagnetic radiation produced by a system or the interaction between the system and light, usually in a nondestructive manner. Spectrometry is the measurement of electromagnetic radiation to obtain information about a system. In other words, spectrometry can be considered a method of studying spectra. Examples of spectrometry include mass spectrometry, Rutherford scattering spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, and neutron triple-axis spectrometry. The spectra produced by spectrometry arent necessarily intensity versus frequency or wavelength. For example, a mass spectrometry spectrum plots intensity versus particle mass. Another common term is spectrography, which refers to methods of experimental spectroscopy. Both spectroscopy and spectrography refer to radiation intensity versus wavelength or frequency. Devices used to take spectral measurements include spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectral analyzers, and spectrographs. Uses Spectroscopy can be used to identify the nature of compounds in a sample. It is used to monitor the progress of chemical processes and to assess the purity of products. It can also be used to measure the effect of electromagnetic radiation on a sample. In some cases, this can be used to determine the intensity or duration of exposure to the radiation source. Classifications There are multiple ways to classify types of spectroscopy. The techniques may be grouped according to the type of radiative energy (e.g., electromagnetic radiation, acoustic pressure waves, particles such as electrons), the type of material being studied (e.g., atoms, crystals, molecules, atomic nuclei), the interaction between the material and the energy (e.g., emission, absorption, elastic scattering), or specific applications (e.g., Fourier transform spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy).

Article Review for Graduate Level Educational Research Class Essay

Article Review for Graduate Level Educational Research Class - Essay Example Maslow’s understanding is that ‘if one is to transform the performance of an average person in any field , then one has to study the peak performers, understand the way they work and think and then impart the same skills to the performer who is average to reach the peak’. This understanding was a driving force for Smith and Strahan who chose to study three experts in the field of teaching, watch them in an active environment and collect the information which can help them to create a set of personality traits that makes expert teachers. The study, although was very minute, extensive and thorough, seems to be little rigid. There are many ways and aspects of the study where the researchers could have taken a broader path. This study was undertaken to create a model which can be a tool for beginners in teaching field to understand what makes an expert teacher and how to become one. The aim of the study was to make American Public schools a centre of excellence by helping the teachers of average quality to learn from the experts. Now, when we talk of development of whole country where thousands of schools are involved, is it really valid to create a prototype based on the study of just three teachers? I think that the study should have been conducted nationwide and not just in one state. Teachers with different backgrounds, different cultures and different states should have been studied as we all know that everything changes with difference in the state. This not only would have helped to gain more insight into understanding the expertise in teaching but also would have generated more and more central skills as

Analysis of Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Marketing Mix - Research Paper Example This includes increasing the number of products in the market while maintaining quality and low production costs. Product development ranges from identifying customer need to designing activities that analyze and refine new ideas. These ideas bring about new products or refine existing products. Unique, high quality and affordable products give a business an advantage over competitors (Brassington and Pettitt, 2005). Beauty for price Hairdressing has faced steep competition from similar businesses in the region. Product development requires intense marketing, especially in a competitive industry. Investing in marketing involves advertising, employing human marketers, promotions, and other activities that sell out the business. With the upcoming events, the salon needs intense marketing and reorganizing the business process. This includes buying better hairdressing equipment and employing more hairdressers. Human resource is necessary for service delivery. Events such as sports and co nferences have several participants and more workers are required to handle the large numbers effectively. Employing experts improves the quality of services offered which surpass competing businesses. Introduction of new business services such as massage, manicure, pedicure, and other related services can also increase the number of customers (Adcock, Halborg and Ross, 2001). Businesses distribute their products in different ways to provide customer convenience. Distribution methods depend on the type of business and its intended customers. Global companies have distribution centers in several regions around the globe. Products are dispatched from the distribution center nearest to the customer (Jobber, 2010). This reduces distribution cost and time required for the product to reach the customer. Retailers incorporate several distribution methods that focus on customer satisfaction at a minimum cost. Efficient and pleasurable shopping experiences that meet customer needs and market demands are required by business organizations. Most customers prefer businesses providing quality and convenient services. A salon can introduce mobile services to its customers. During major events, most participants reside in hotels and prefer room services. Starting mobile room services would serve as a boost to business activities (Jones Mothersbaugh and Beatty, 2003). E-commerce and advertising through the internet is another way of ensuring the availability of products. Customers can access the business website to learn about their services and book appointments. The distribution channel in a hairdressing business consists of wholesalers who sell and supply products to the salon. The salon then uses the products to offer services to customers. Maintaining a constant link with suppliers is necessary for constant availability of products for customer convenience. The business location also determines customer convenience. Customers prefer business locations that are easily acc essible.  Ã‚  

The Influence of Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Influence of Family - Essay Example This influence is often reflected in the childhood and adult life of the child. According to various researches, it has been proved that, children always associate themselves with the problems of the parent and worry about these issues even if they are not part of the problem. This is a regular experience faced by families which have divorced. This is the main reason why individuals ask themselves if the family can influence the way they think, act and feel in the society. It is true that the family plays a significant role in the way individuals behave in the family and society. Every concept an individual adopts are learned from the family. For instance, everything a child learns is always influenced from his or her parenthood and how they reacted to their parents. Parents are good people to emulate as they are familiar with what life entails. This is due to their life experiences. They are essential in teaching their children what they have learned, how they should act, think and feel about the modern society. However, some parents are not good role models to their children. As in the case of Cary, whose life will be discussed in the papers’ body, her mother was never a role model. Her mother was full of hatred and brought her up in a manner that she never liked. As such, she vowed to bring her children up in a manner that was completely different from her mothers. However, Cary’s mother case contradicts the claim that mothers are the primary caregivers. Mothers are considered as the primary care givers and consequently being viewed as the most influential to the child’s life. However, recent psychoanalytical studies have shown that fathers have a major role to play in influencing the behaviors and thinking of their children. The parent’s behavior can be explained from their past experiences or prominent figures in the society which they look up to and desire their children to emulate. Young maternal age is usually associated to with harsh and abusive parenting (Smithbattle 521) which can be explained by the fact that most young mothers are mostly poor and at risk of social isolation. They also go through depression and stress making them harsh and abusive parenting. However, these are not usually the only factors affecting the influence that a parent has to his children. Some parents may have prominent figures in the society who they want their children to grow up to emulate and they therefore train them to be like to people. Griffin also brings out the fact that a parent’s control over the family can have an influence on the child’s life (Griffin 302). A child whose parents exercise full control of every aspect at home grows to learn what ask and what not to ask. In exercising so much control in the family, children may not feel good while within the family and when faced by a problem they withdraw to cry alone as seen in Laura’s family (Griffin 307). Apart from the influence one gets from the family, the society plays a great role in influencing a person’s behavior. Moreover, after getting to a certain age, one starts becoming self aware and it is at this time that they start erasing whatever they do not need and developing their desired qualities. The essay on the loss of a creature by Percy tries to expound on the influence of the past knowledge and experiences to the sightseer in their visit to the tourist sites. According to Percy (2), precedent experiences and awareness determines the nature of leisure and enjoyment in any vacation. The prospects of the visit have a role to play in assessing and evaluating the intensity of satisfaction in any tour. Sightsee that satisfies the goal and objective of the vacationer

Families in a Global Context Essay Example for Free

Families in a Global Context Essay In the context of the twenty-first century, the entire world is going through changes in almost every walk of life. There has been a fast development in the domains of education and technological advances especially with the arrival of inventions like computer, the Internet, and other communication devices based on extensive space exploration. Global trends are being referred to the world’s next culture, a state of life in which the entire world seems to share common values, ethics in all genres of life, and so forth. At large, new ideologies are emerging and old ones are being retried. This is impacting the structure of global life on the whole and countries both technologically advanced and developing (or not so technologically advanced) are facing new challenges to cope up with the emerging trends and ideologies. One such challenge present to the whole world is the changing family life and structure which is apparently noticeable in the developed as well as the developing countries of the world. This challenge is mainly credited to the wave of globalization. The present paper, henceforth, looks into this issue. It examines family structure in a technologically advanced country (i. e. , the United States of America for our case) and in a developing country (India in this instance), and then attempts to arrive at solid conclusions as in what ways the thrashing wave of globalization is impacting family life and/or structure of these countries. 1- Challenges Confronted by Indian Families India is one country in the world which is unique for its multiculturalism and expansion. The view of globalization by people from India, especially the Hindus, is that of is multi-faceted, that is to say, they see a number of implications from this emerging trend. The basic view of the Indian way of life is that of pluralism, cultural enrichment, and religious unity. As such these trends have long been rooted in the family structure of India. However, the trend of globalization has given different outlook to Indian families. They face a lot of challenges. The major trends in Indian lifestyles like spirituality and other religious matters are being shattered by the trend of globalization. The peaceful view of Indian people that they hold about other religions has been misused. As such, the tolerance of Indian people has caused a lot of shaking in the context of the twenty-first century. Their culture and traditions are being threatened by globalization, something that Indian people have yet to realize and stand to fight it. For example, with the advent of global business multinational companies, the entire nation is at risk because by global business, the essence of spirituality is at stakes since business has brought up the wave of materialism. Moreover, commercialism is changing human value system in Indian culture mainly because of popular culture (â€Å"junk food like coca cola, movies saturated with sex and violence, and an adulation of athletes and movie stars as the most desirable human types†). All this, in collective way, affecting the family structure of Indian life. Although there are a number of TV channels, the Indian people have yet to realize the actual stand for media and communication which tells of their simplicity and unwillingness to sense danger which is threatening their centuries-old cultural and customary lifestyle: â€Å"There has been little organized Hindu response to globalization†. Although social efforts to guard Indian lifestyle have been initiated (for example, the Swadhyaya movement), it will not incorrect to say that it is not enough on the face of the giant of globalization by the Indians are still not using media efficiently (Internet is the exception here) which simply gives rise to exotic channels, the culture propagated in these channels bringing to Indian life and family structure newer threats each day. (Frawley, p. 20, 2001) If we look at the demographics related to Indian family structure and growth, we will fairly see difference between the two times: the recent time when globalization has taken place in India; the time in the past when this trend was not present. According Niranjan et al. (2005), from 1961 to 1999, the average family size in India has dropped by 5. 4 percent. According to the authors, this is 1. 4 percent higher than the family size decline in China which straightforwardly suggests that Indian family structure is moving toward the trend of nuclear family structure, a by-product of globalization. Research by Niranjan et al. (2005) suggests some important key factors that were significantly present while keeping the family structure along with past traditions. Major predictors that have been found for joint family are ownership of land and economic status. Such families stay joint in contrast to those who don’t have ownership of land and higher economic status. Globalization, as such, has played a significant role in bringing means by which people can gain material comfort and thus tend to live in nuclear families. See in this way, it becomes clear that Indian family structure is facing great challenges on the verge of globalization. As globalization seems to bring in exotic trends and practices, both social and economical, Indian family structure is going through a change: something that is the essence of western lifestyle. Families in the United States of America According to Olsen (2007) states that though the Unites State of America has often been regarded as rudimentary, it is basically the â€Å"quintessential liberal ‘social safety net’ providing a relatively restricted range of social protections and services, meager income benefits, and few programs as a right of citizenship or residence† (p. 143). This suggests that family support in the United States of America, a technologically advanced and developed country, is not something to be satisfactory about. USA is the only country in the capitalist world of advanced countries that has never offered a universal family allowance program to its citizens. This country’s family policy, instead, relies on targeted, means-tested segments like Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) later replaced by the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). However, according to (2006), US family structuring faced a lot of pressure as it is up to the present on a number of fronts both internal and external. According to the author, the boom in economic status of US family system came up after World War II when Japanese and European manufacturing industries went thought a devastation of war: â€Å"Progressive taxation policies redistributed income from corporations and high earners to policies and public investments† benefited middle class families as well as the working class families. This was the time when globally US family structure was one of the highest enjoying part of social structure in the United States of America as well as the rest of the world (Polaski, p. 02, 2007). The US government initiated such programs as Medicare and Medicaid that benefited the family sustain a balanced lifestyle with standard of living was steadily moving on the upward curve. It was the time when global community saw a fast emerging middle class family structure in the United States of America that entertained higher livings standards. Then things started moving on the downslide as the Japanese and European manufacturing industries came to compete in the global market with the US, US spending on Vietnam War, and other such factors contributed to building economic pressure on the US family living standards that brought changes in the social networking and framework. With the emergence of globalization the US families, especially the middle class families, saw a decline in the living standards: â€Å"Globalization revealed and exacerbated, rather than created, the basic problems with the U. S. system† (Polaski, p. 03, 2007). Social safety became a problem particularly for the US social structure as in a number of areas like health insurance and portable pensions. The author cites a recent IMF study that states that although the share of labor from all the advanced countries of the world has declined globally in the last twenty years, European workers are still enjoying a bigger share of the wealth of their countries than the workers in the US. Although Europe also faces pressure by globalization, it does have safety net for the social structuring of their people. On the other hand, then United States of America is dangling with uncertainty. However, the author notes that there is some link with policy making of the advanced countries with those of the developing countries. In this regard the author gives an example of agricultural policy in the United States (and other advanced countries) that has indirect effect of farming activities of a developing country, say India or Pakistan in this case. What happens that, â€Å"The United States and other wealthy countries offer agricultural subsidies to their farmers that induce overproduction, with the surpluses sold below cost to the rest of the world. This causes prices for farm goods to fall in the developing world, lowering the incomes of already poor farmers or forcing them off the land† (Polaski, p. 03, 2007). Seen from this perspective, it is right to suggest that policies in advanced countries do make the developing countries and their people suffer from high to low challenges a number of them are not recoverable which means that solid policy making must start from the region of agricultural reforms and policy revision so that developing nations do not need to suffer more on the hands of wealthy countries. Both Countries Explored in the above line, what I have analyzed is that both these countries face challenges in the family structuring and economic domain. Indian family structure is tending toward independent nuclear family; whereas, US family structure is going through a change from higher to lower living standards. Both these countries have been affected by the trend of globalization in negative as well as positive ways. For the Unites States, globalization has brought more education, shift from manufacturing to service industry (Polaski, 2007); then for India, globalization has brought stability in a number of areas in which computer technology and skills related to it are worth mentioning here because today India is the only country in the whole world which has the highest number of computer technician that work both in the country and overseas contributing to the nation’s collective income. Frawley, p. 20, 2001). Now that the trend of globalization demands from them is that both the countries need to work together to make such policies as can benefit the family structure in both the countries along with economical and social stability. Conclusion Although it is right to state that globalization has benefited the whole world in one way or another, it is also right to remark that a number of things have struck the world from the negative side. For this case India is the most glaring example because with the advent of materialism, global business practices, popularity of Hollywood movies, and materialism the centuries-old joint family structure whole over India is fast declining at an alarming rate. Compared with the United States of American, it comes to our critical notice that family structure in these two countries have different problems from each other. One country has family system as joint; while the other country is essentially nuclear. One is less educated country with majority being poor; whereas USA is a highly affluent country whose people are literate on the global standards. The challenges these two countries face in globalization are also different. India needs to boost up its economy by developing its industry, human capital, industrial structure, and so forth; USA has to make such policies as do not harm countries like India. References Frawley, D. (2001). Hindu response to globalization. International Journal of Humanities and Peace 17 (1) 20+. Niranjan, S., Nair, S. , Roy, T. K. (2005). Socio-Demographic analysis of the size and structure of the family in India. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 36 (4) 623+. Olsen, G. M. (2007). Toward global welfare state convergence? : Family policy and health care in Sweden, Canada and the United States. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare 34 (2). 143+. Polaski, S. (2007). U. S. living standards in an ear of globalization. Accessed May 11, 2008 from: http://www. carnegieendowment. org/files/pb_53_polaski__us_living_standards_final. pdf

Deism- The Distant God Essay -- Literary Analysis, The Universe Next D

Deism- The Distant God It all depends on the glasses. Every lens gives a different view of the world, different colors, and different textures. Everything encountered can either be displayed perfectly or distorted. Sometimes things can seem foggy or blurry and other times crystal clear. Worldview can be compared to a pair of glasses. It defines how people see religion, culture, tradition, and life. It is the Father of beliefs, and starter of wars. It is our conscious and our decision maker. A worldview, whether admitted or not, effects and shapes each and every person. James W. Sire gives a precise definition in his book The Universe Next Door, saying, â€Å"A world view is a set of presuppositions (or assumptions) which we hold (consciously or subconsciously) about the basic makeup of our world† (pg.17). To qualify a worldview a livable belief, it must first answer seven basic questions. (1) What is the ultimate reality? (2) What is the nature of external Reality? (3) What is a human being? (4) What happens to a person at death? (5) Why is it possible to know anything at all? (6) How do we know what is right and wrong (morality)? (7) What is the meaning of human history? (8) What are the core commitments that are consistent with this worldview? All major worldviews attempt to provide an answer to these questions of human existence and the reason we are here. Christians need to understand how to apply the questions to not only our own worldview, but also the worldview of others. Only when one begins to understand the basis of another worldview can Christians begin to minister with understanding to the people of that belief. So now let us put on our lenses and explore a worldview that has existed through the pages of history. Let ... ...istianity have core commitments in living out their faith. Because deism does not have set beliefs, commitments vary from deist to deist. Every person is free to use their human reason to draw their own conclusions of life. These goals and commitments will reflect the personal aspects of each person. Warm deists goals may reflect a belief in a creator or God, and what would most make him pleased with him. Cold deists, however, will use only reason to reach their goals. Christianity has one core motive. According the Westminster Shorter Catechism we are to â€Å"glorify God and enjoy him forever.† The Christian’s life does not reflect their goals; rather it reflects God and his holy character. Now that we have been given a new perspective in the worldview of Deism, we can now accurately begin to reach out and witness to this worldview that believes in a faraway God.

Sylvia Plath Poem Comparison Essay

Sylvia Plath Poem Comparison Essay Saying Sylvia Plath was a troubled woman would be an understatement. She was a dark poet, who attempted suicide many times, was hospitalized in a mental institution, was divorced with two children, and wrote confessional poems about fetuses, reflection, duality, and a female perspective on life. Putting her head in an oven and suffocating was probably the happiest moment in her life, considering she had wanted to die since her early twenties. However, one thing that was somewhat consistent throughout her depressing poetry would be the theme of the female perspective.The poems selected for analysis and comparison are, †A Life†(1960),†You’re†(1960), â€Å"Mirror† (1961), â€Å"The Courage of Shutting-Up† (1962) and finally, â€Å"Kindness† (1963). All five of these previously discussed poems have some sort of female perspective associated with them, and that commonality is the focus point of this ess ay. The first poem listed, â€Å"A Life†, was written in November 1960, and is a fairly long poem for Plath’s standards. There are eight stanzas, and thirty five lines, and one overall message.The general message of the poem is to discuss appearance and reality, and to compare them. Plath reiterates that appearance cannot be maintained, and she uses a mix of delicate diction in the beginning-to represent appearances- and transitions to aggressive diction when she moves back to reality. The female perspective is most prevalent when Plath starts the â€Å"reality† part of the poem, and talks about a woman, who seems to be hospitalized, and isolated like a â€Å"fetus in a bottle. † The idea of a troubled patient seems to be a personal reflection on Plath’s asylum days. A Life† begins delicately, and Plath uses phrases such as â€Å"clear as a tear†, or â€Å"†¦glass†¦will ping like a Chinese chime†¦ though nobody looks up or bothers to answer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to create a sort of â€Å"fishbowl effect†- a fragile, yet isolated world, transparent and watched by others. Plath also uses water-like diction, like â€Å"sea waves†, â€Å"sea†, and even the darker word, â€Å"drowned† to create such an effect. When the poem transitions back to reality, it seems like the previously mentioned â€Å"fishbowl† was just thrown into the violent ocean.Plath uses diction like â€Å"private blitzkrieg†, â€Å"fetus in a bottle† â€Å"grief and anger†, and even â€Å"age and terror† to create the awkward, violent, and even disturbing reality that this woman in the poem lives in. â€Å"You’re†, written in 1960 during Plath’s pregnancy, is a poem about Sylvia’s baby-to-be. There are two stanzas, each with nine lines, as to represent the nine months of pregnancy. The female perspective here couldn’t be more obvious- a pregnant mother reflecting on her pregnancy and describing her child; men can’t share that experience. â€Å"You’re† is one of Plath’s happier poems, and doesn’t go very deep as some of her other poems do.The first stanza is describing the unborn fetus as â€Å"clownlike†, â€Å"moon-skulled† and â€Å"gilled. † Visualizing a fetus with an underdeveloped head, upside-down and breathing in liquid constantly is explanation enough for this diction. Plath also discusses the nocturnal nature of babies, and the silence of the bread-like creature growing inside her. The second stanza discusses the idea that a baby is â€Å"looked for like mail†, and that the fetus seems snug and jumpy. The most profound line in the entire poem is the last line, â€Å"A clean slate, with your own face on†, describing the baby’s soon-to-be new beginnings as a fresh start, a â€Å"clean slate. â€Å"Mirror† written in 1961, is the qu intessential of Plath poems, in that it expresses three of Plath’s most common themes greatly in one depressing poem: duality, reflection, and the female perspective. The female perspective in this poem is best described as a troubled woman who constantly searches for the truth in mirrors, but finds no answers. The mirror discussed in the first stanza is exact and truthful, but almost pretentious, in that it considers itself almost godlike.The lake is where the woman seems to find the most comfort in, seeing the distorted images of her, the candles, and the moon. The last few lines seem to attribute her depression to her age, and maybe the fact that she never got to enjoy her childhood, her young years, and she despises seeing herself grow old in the reflection of the lake. â€Å"The Courage of Shutting-Up† was written in 1962, a year before Sylvia’s end, and uses the ideas of repetition, speech, and censorship to express her ideas on female obedience and civil censorship.The female perspective here is the idea of not being able to speak out, and living in repetition, with a defeated tongue- hung up on the wall like a trophy. The poem uses many different types of diction, but most of it is masculine, and war-like, as if Plath was fighting a war against men. The first stanza of the poem begins with â€Å"The courage of the shut mouth, in spite of artillery! † and follows with bits of diction to describe a record player, with â€Å"black disks†¦ of courage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as to describe Plath’s thoughts and feelings just playing over and over again, â€Å"asking to be heard. The second stanza continues with the record player metaphor, â€Å"a needle in its groove†, and transitions to an overqualified tattooist in the third stanza, once a surgeon (maybe a metaphor for Sylvia’s downgrade from a great poet to a dumpy mother) who repeats the same overused tattoos over and over, silently, and solemnly. The fourth stanza returns to the metaphor of war, and artillery as well as the record player. The tongue is introduced, and is described as â€Å"indefatigable, purple. † The poem then questions if the tongue is dangerous, and if it must be cut out.The answer to that question must’ve been yes, because the tongue is then described as a trophy, hung up on the mantle like the â€Å"fox heads, the otter heads, and the heads of dead rabbits† before it. This is most likely an extended metaphor of Plath being silenced by her husband, and she can only admire her husband’s trophy in defeat. The poem ends with an image of a forgotten country, whose pride and power is hidden and long gone- probably another metaphor for her power to speak out, taken away by her husband or simply by her gender- as women didn’t have much say in things.The final poem â€Å"Kindness† was written in 1963, in the month of Plath’s suicide, and shortly after her husband left her. T he poem is structured evenly; four stanzas with five lines each. This poem contains the female perspective in that Plath mocks the typical view of kindness- almost satirically mother-like- and she also talks about children and how desperate and almost helpless they are in the whole scheme of things. The poem starts out by stating how full of kindness her house is, and already hints that kindness is and illusion with the word â€Å"smoke† and â€Å"mirrors: shortly after one another, and that these mirror are filled with smiles.The second stanza talks about the cry of a child, but not like a sobbing cry, but a sort of cry of agony, or desperation, and how that is the most real thing that she knows of, and that it is unlike the cry of a rabbit as, the cry of a child has a soul. This second stanza maybe hints at thoughts of Plath killing her children alongside herself, which is a somewhat disturbing thought. The poem continues, and with talk of â€Å"kindness sweetly picking u p the pieces. † Plath also uses delicate diction like â€Å"butterflies† and â€Å"Japanese silks† to maybe express the delicacy of â€Å"kindness. The poem ends, with a sort of final statement to her cheating husband, as presumably â€Å"he† comes in with an effort to console her, â€Å"with a cup of tea†, and Plath responds in another suicide like statement: â€Å"The blood jet is poetry, there is no stopping it. † This is reminiscent of slit wrists, and that you can’t stop the blood flow from a slit wrist. The final line seems to confirm that this poem was directed at her husband, with â€Å"you hand me two children, two roses. When Plath says â€Å"roses†, it immediately brings forth images of flowers at a funeral, rather than roses given as a token of love. Out of the entire selection, this is the most desperate and angry poem reviewed. Now, after the lengthy analyses of all five poems, all five had elements of the female perspective in them, some way or another. In â€Å"A Life† the female perspective was the view of the patient, feeling isolated and trapped in the painful reality that she lives in, and she takes shelter in the fragile â€Å"fishbowl† of a fantasy world she has constructed.In â€Å"You’re†, the female perspective is expressed in pregnancy. This experience is female exclusive, and Plath eagerly awaits the birth of her baby. In â€Å"Mirror†, the female perspective is that of a troubled woman who looks to the reflections of mirrors for answers, and prefers the distorted ripples of the lake to the awful truth of the wall mirror. Depressingly enough, even though the lake is distorted, the woman sees her age rising to meet her day after day, â€Å"like a terrible fish. In â€Å"The Courage of Shutting Up†, the female perspective is that of a woman who is trapped by her repetitive household duties, and the limits on her expression by her husband . Obviously, not being able to speak you mind is a sort of mental imprisonment, and the only way out for Plath was her poems. This poem was the embodiment of those expressions. The female perspective in â€Å"Kindness† was some sort of suicidal anger against her former husband, and a sort of Medea-like want to kill her children to spite her former lover.She talks about â€Å"kindness† as a sort of facade put on by a woman to keep everything together in her household. In comparison to each other, â€Å"Mirror†, â€Å"A Life†, and â€Å"The Courage of Shutting-Up† are all female-minded grievances towards the society that Plath lives in, and the relationship that she is in with her husband. All three involve some sort of negative personal evaluation, as well as being dark and depressing. â€Å"Kindness† and â€Å"You’re† stand alone, in that â€Å"Kindness† is an extremely dark and angry poem directed at Sylvia’s hus band, and â€Å"You’re† is a somewhat hopeful poem about pregnancy.They are direct opposites of each other and both represent different eras in Plath’s life- one of pseudo-happiness, and one of hatred and despair. The female perspective in Plath’s poem’s are always present, no matter what form they come in, or the period in Plath’s life that they were written. Plath has always seen some fascination, some point to be made, in the gender differences of her generation, and she made sure to include the female perspective, which was often unheard, and made it heard.